Engine Cooling And Lubrication System

Motor Cooling And Lubrication System Cooling System: Despite the huge improvement in the essential inner ignition motors, around 70% of the vitality from the gas is changed over to warm. As it isn't scattered to the environment all alone, a cooling framework is utilized for this reason. A few motivations behind the cooling framework which it serves by cooling the motor incorporate cooling the motor to shield it from overheating by moving the warmth to the air. This keeps away from the inordinate mileage at high temperatures, auto-start because of hot chamber which may bring about thumping and subsequently, cylinder/chamber disappointment. It might likewise join warm burdens which isn't useful for the motor itself. Figure . Cooling framework and plumbing association While it effectively cools the motor, it likewise causes the motor to heat up rapidly during cold new companies and afterward keeping up a consistent temperature. At the point when the motor is cold, segments destroy quicker as well and the motor is less productive, radiating more contamination. Kinds of Cooling System: There are two kinds of cooling frameworks found in vehicles: Air-cooled Fluid Cooled Air-Cooled Engines: Numerous little and the medium-sized motors are air-cooled. This class incorporates most little motors like grass trimmers, cutting tools, model planes and so on. Utilizing the air-cooled framework permits both the weight and cost of the motor to be kept low, alongside diminished unpredictability of the machine. The air-cooled framework is still broadly utilized on the greater part of the bikes being used nowadays. This framework uses the idea of warmth move through blades to cool the motor. The cross-sectional region of the balance being bigger closer to the head and a decrease in the zone as we move further from the motor square. The essential standard on which the air-cooled motors depend on is the progression of air over their outer surfaces to expel the abundance warmth to shield the motor from overheating. The wind current on machines like bikes and airplanes is given over the surface when the vehicle pushes ahead. Redirectors and ventilation work is fused to guide the wind stream to the basic areas where all the more cooling is required. The external surface of the motor is produced using a decent conductor of warmth and the surface is finned to advance greatest warmth move, alongside which an additional fan is utilized to expand the wind stream rate; though others utilize the idea of free-convection. These blades are to be appropriately intended for suitable cooling impact which is required. Some vehicle motors likewise utilize uncovered flywheels with air-redirectors affixed to the surface. At the point when the motor is in activity, these redirectors make air movement which expands the warmth move on the finned surface. Considerably subsequent to considering and applying all the measures, the uniform cooling of chambers is as yet hard to accomplish on air-cooled motors when contrasted with the fluid cooled motors. The figure underneath shows that the cooling needs are not the equivalent at all the areas. Figure . Variety of warmth misfortunes from the blades of an air-cooled airplane motor. Seventy-one percent of the warmth misfortunes happen on the more smoking side of the chamber, containing the fumes valve. The motor demonstrated was utilized on various airplanes. More sizzling territories, for example, the ones around the fumes valve and complex need more prominent cooling and subsequently bigger finned surface region. Cooling the front of an air-cooled motor which faces the forward movement of the vehicle is a lot simpler and effective when contrasted with the back surface of the motor. This may bring about temperature contrasts and warm extension issues. Impediments: Impediments of air-cooled motors are that they: Are less proficient, Are noisier, with more noteworthy wind current necessities and no water coat to hose the commotion, Need a coordinated wind current and finned surfaces. Focal points: When contrasted and fluid cooled motors, air-cooled motors have the accompanying points of interest: They are lighter in weight, They cost less, No coolant framework disappointments (e.g., water siphon, hoses), No motor freeze-ups, and Quicker motor warmup. Fluid Cooled Engines: In a fluid or water-cooled motor, the motor square is encircled by a water coat through which the coolant streams. This takes into consideration a superior control of the warmth expulsion from the motor, just by included weight and an increasingly mind boggling framework. Not very many water-cooled motors utilize simply water as the cooling liquid in the water coats; this is on the grounds that the water has a frigid temperature of 0Â °C which is unsuitable as coolant in colder districts, so added substances are typically utilized for better execution. In spite of the fact that water has awesome warmth move properties, yet when utilized alone, it causes rust and consumption in a considerable lot of the funnels of the cooling framework. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is the liquid catalyst specialist which goes about as a rust inhibitor and a grease for the water siphon. When added to water, it brings down the frigid temperature and raises the bubbling temperature of the coolant. The properties of the blend rely upon the proportion wherein water and the radiator fluid operator are blended. Unadulterated ethylene glycol ought not be utilized, and even at high fixations the warmth move properties of the water are lost too. The properties of the ethylene glycol water blend are appeared in the table underneath. Notwithstanding great warm properties, a coolant ought to fulfill the accompanying necessities: 1. Artificially steady under states of utilization 2. Non-frothing 3. Non-destructive 4. Low harmfulness 5. Non-combustible 6. Minimal effort Most business liquid catalysts fulfill these necessities. A significant number of them are essentially ethylene glycol with limited quantities of added substances. Some business motor coolants use propylene glycol as the base fixing. It is contended that when coolant frameworks spill or when the coolant gets matured and is disposed of, these items are less unsafe to nature than ethylene glycol. Essential Components: The essential parts of a fluid cooled framework is demonstrated as follows. Figure . Essential fluid cooled framework radiator radiator top hose radiator base hose water siphon indoor regulator indoor regulator lodging electric cooling fan thermo-time switch Radiator: The radiator is the piece of the cooling framework which is answerable for the warmth dismissal from the coolant and into the environment. The radiator center is generally comprised of smoothed cylinders with aluminum strips (blades) that crisscross between the cylinders. These blades successfully move the warmth contained in the coolant into the air stream to be lost into the climate. On each finish of the radiator is a tank comprised of plastic to cover the closures. The cylinders either run evenly or vertically between the two tanks. The aluminum-plastic framework is increasingly proficient and practical. On radiators with plastic end tops, there are gaskets between the aluminum center and the plastic tanks to seal the framework and shield the liquid from spilling out. The tanks have an enormous hose association, one mounted towards the highest point of the radiator to give the coolant access, the other mounted at the base of the radiator on the other tank to let the coolant pull out. On the highest point of the radiator is an extra opening that is topped off by the radiator top. Another part in the radiator for vehicles with a programmed transmission is a different tank mounted inside one of the tanks. Fittings associate this internal tank through steel cylinders to the programmed transmission. Transmission liquid is channeled through this tank inside a tank to be cooled by the coolant streaming past it before coming back to the transmission. Radiator Fans: A couple of electric fans are mounted on the rear of the radiator near the motor. These fans utilized the idea of constrained convection to cool the warmed coolant experiencing the channels in the radiator center. Whenever saw, this fan begins working once the motor arrives at a predefined temperature, after which the cooling by simply normal convection during the forward movement of the vehicle can't be accomplished. In the vehicles with cooling, there is an extra radiator mounted before the ordinary radiator. This radiator is known as the climate control system condenser, which additionally should be cooled by the wind current entering the motor compartment. For whatever length of time that the cooling is turned on, the framework will keep the fan running, regardless of whether the motor isn't running hot. This is provided that there is no wind stream through the cooling condenser, the climate control system won't have the option to cool the air entering the inside. Weight top save tank: The weight top is basically a top which keeps up the weight in the cooling framework in a specific way. In the event that the weight develops higher than the set weight point, the spring stacked valve discharges the weight. Figure . Weight top At the point when the weight in the cooling framework arrives at the moment that the top needs to discharge this abundance pressure, some measure of coolant is seeped off. The coolant which is seeped off goes into the save tank which isn't pressurized, which causes an incomplete vacuum in the cooling framework. The radiator top on these shut frameworks has an auxiliary valve which permits the vacuum in the cooling framework to step the coolant once again from the hold tank into the radiator. Coolant Pump: It is a basic siphon which helps available for use of the coolant around the framework. This siphon is run utilizing one of the accompanying: A fan belt that will likewise be answerable for driving an extra segment like an alternator or force controlling siphon A serpentine belt, which additionally drives the alternator, power controlling siphon and AC blower in addition to other things. The crankshaft belt that is additionally liable for driving at least one camshafts. The impeller of the siphon utilizes divergent power to attract the coolant from the lower radiator hose and send it compelled to the motor square. A gasket seals the water siphon to the motor square and keeps the streaming coolant from spilling out where the siphon is joined to the square. Thermosta

Create a piece of drama about homelessness to educate our audience

The main thing I did was examine about vagrancy at home. I discovered from my schoolwork: Why individuals become destitute, a portion of the explanation I discovered: Finding reasonable lodging and joblessness Connection breakdown 39% Overwhelming drinking 21% Losing employment 18% Having no cash to pay for lodging 13% Around a quarter have psychological well-being issues Around a half have drink issues. It was critical to do this exploration since it helped give us more idea’s and find out about the issue of vagrancy. This at that point helped us choose in our presentation why we would get destitute. I discovered every unique motivation behind why individuals become destitute and we chose we all would utilize one of those reasons. I additionally did a psyche map in class for the conceivable idea’s why somebody would get destitute and what we could use in our exhibition. Potential thoughts The main thing we did was get into gatherings and did 3 despite everything pictures dependent on vagrancy to give us idea’s and to assist us with understanding the sorts of things to remember for our presentation. The primary despite everything picture was of 2 distinct ladies one with cash and a family and another having an oppressive spouse. Our second was the ladies with the oppressive spouse getting beat up, which made her become destitute. At that point the third one was the ladies in the city, destitute and different ladies and her kids seeing her helping her. In my gathering we talked about our ides and chose to create them. We at that point utilized our psyche guide and research to assist us with getting a thought. We as a whole plunked down and talked about our thoughts. A portion of our thoughts were to become destitute due to household misuse, being ousted or being deserted by guardians. We had a few issues, we had many individuals in our gathering so it was more enthusiastically to work and core interest. We beat them by tuning in to one another. This additionally helped us improve our work by giving us more plans to work with, .for example Biting the dust as a result of being destitute, and being mishandled by father which we utilized. Likewise we could make our presentation longer. What functioned admirably in our exhibition was our still pictures toward the beginning a few of us have our hands over our face to show being apprehensive. We additionally utilized levels. At that point we came out of our freeze outline and said what we were a casualty of. We did this since it shows our crowd that there is all sort of various reasons why individuals become destitute, and it’s not their flaw. We likewise utilized vocal singing, Juliana and Hannah sang on account of you which worked out positively for the topic. The physical theater we utilized functioned admirably likewise when Sophie, Juliana and Callum rehashed their developments (when the mother got some answers concerning the dad mishandling his little girl). It demonstrated that the maltreatment is being rehashed again and again. Sophie likewise utilized mimetic motions. Likewise when the dad (callum) went to punch the mother (Juliana) he utilized moderate movement which was compelling in light of the fac t that it would have gotten the audience’s consideration. It was acceptable when we as a whole rehashed (after Juliana said â€Å"Don’t state a word†) â€Å"you heard her don’t state a word†. We rehashed this multiple times since it was more successful than saying it once. Likewise I and 2 other’s in my gathering (Chloe and Nikky) stood up of character to show how my character felt and it helped the crowd comprehend the characters better regarding why they were destitute. We additionally did idea following. In our presentation we likewise utilized a storyteller this helped recount to the tale of what was happening. The storyteller informed the crowd regarding the maltreatment that was going on to the youngster so the crowd new precisely what was happening. Additionally our exhibition was non-naturalistic so it was not quite the same as everybody else’s and improved it. Toward the finish of our presentation we had insights which truly help advise the crowd about vagrancy. I figure our presentation would have been exceptional on the off chance that we included more scenes and made it longer. Additionally in the event that we rehearsed more so we don’t overlook bit of our exhibition. We could have placed a scene in to show how appalling and undesirable it is to live in the city. We could have included more dramatization aptitudes. It would have been exceptional in the event that we remembered a video about vagrancy for our exhibition. I figure our exhibition informed the crowd in light of the fact that our presentation indicated that there are loads of reasons why individuals become destitute. It demonstrated how you become destitute and it’s not the kind of individuals you generally imagine that become destitute. We additionally included measurements which educated the crowd what type regarding individuals are destitute and what percent it is. We likewise educated the crowd that’s its youngsters and adolescents that can become destitute not simply grown-ups. Our intended interest group was 13-multi year olds, to bring issues to light to kids about the issue of vagrancy. I figure it suited our intended interest group on the grounds that our presentation indicated what kinds of individuals are destitute and why they become destitute. We additionally had a pretend in our exhibition around 3 young people living in the city so it would be simpler for the intended interest group to identify with them. Additionally they can comprehend what’s going on in light of the fact that there not very youthful. In my exhibition we demonstrated them about being manhandled and not having anybody help you, so they comprehend that it’s not somebody issue on the off chance that they individuals destitute. In Abby Smith’s bunch I thought what function admirably was she utilized a storyteller which truly helped recount to the story. Likewise what functioned admirably was the choral talking and moderate movement they did. I figure she could improve by centering and rehearsing all the more additionally including more show aptitudes and making her presentation any longer.

6 Times to Send a Thank-You Note (and Love It)

6 Times to Send a Thank-You Note (and Love It) (0) There’s no better time than now to start doing little things for other people that have done something for you. Thank you notes are a small gesture that can show a lot of gratitude, and they take so little time to write up! Use these tips if you’re unsure of the best times to send a thank you note â€" I promise you’ll be as happy as the person you’re thanking when you’re done. EasyBib can help with writing projects, large or small, personal or educational. From an AI-enhanced essay checker to fun guides featuring examples of interjections and the correct usage of coordinating conjunctions and indefinite pronouns, it can help polish any writing you do â€" from a thank you note to a dissertation. 1.        After an interview If you had a big interview for a job or a summer internship and you’re looking to follow up, a thank you note is the perfect way to do it. Writing a handwritten thank you note will definitely distinguish you from the crowd, and it shows extra effort that tells your interviewer that you are serious about the position. Try to include little things that you all discussed during your time together if you can. If you do not know the physical address of your interviewer, a quick email thank you note is fine, too. 2.        After receiving a gift Birthdays, holidays, and graduation are all prime thank you note writing time â€" even if you haven’t ever written a family member or a friend a thank you card before, now is the time to start showing your loved ones thanks for their gifts. After all, they took time to pick out a gift for you, so you can take a little time to thank them for it on paper! It can be great to include photos with the gift, too. For example, if you receive a new jacket from your grandmother, sending her a note with a photo of you wearing the jacket would surely brighten her day, and as a result, yours. 3.        After someone helps you with something difficult Sometimes we get stuck in sticky situations and need some help. Maybe someone pitched in and helped you with that big event you were planning, or maybe a professor listened to your worries about your grades and offered a lot of comfort to you. After you resolve your situation and things calm down a little, it can be nice to send a thank you note to those who were there for you in that time of need. You can even add in a note about how things are after receiving them and how they helped you reach success. 4.        After someone gives you their time Even if you aren’t in a difficult situation, you might find yourself in a circumstance where you would like advice or mentorship from someone older. This could be someone you know through a friend, a professor or a past work experience. Writing a thank you note to thank them for their time after speaking with them will show your gratitude for their input or advice, and it will help you to strengthen that relationship for the future. 5.        After a wonderful class or experience Every now and then, a professor will be exceptional, or a friend will throw an amazing event. This is a perfect time to send a thank you note! Any experience that left a positive impression on you is reason enough to pick up a pen and start writing, and the person receiving the note will be so happy that you acknowledged their efforts. 6.        Just for fun! There are specific times where it is appropriate, and even expected, that you send a thank you note, including the times listed above. But, if you know someone that you just really appreciate for their personality, character or actions, then be sure to show your gratitude for their presence in your life. Everyone appreciates a kind note, and being more thankful in your daily life will help you spread kindness and grow friendships with the kind of people that you seek to be like. Now that you can picture sometimes in your life when you can send a proper thank you, don’t hold back! Studies show that people appreciate the thank you much more than you think, even if you’re scared about the reaction being awkward. Sending thank you notes can be a very mature way to show gratitude and appreciation, and it’s a great time to start forming that habit of saying “thank you” as often as possible, especially to those who really deserve it. Did you know that you can cite a thank you note? Just treat it like a personal letter! EasyBib tools can help you cite letters, books, websites, and more in MLA format, APA format, and Chicago Manual of Style, too. Check out our comprehensive guides on MLA parenthetical citations and how to do an annotated bibliography MLA while you visit, and, thank you!

Constantine at the Battle of Milvian Bridge

The Battle of Milvian Bridge was part of the Wars of Constantine. Date Constantine defeated Maxentius on October 28, 312. Armies Commanders Constantine Emperor Constantine Iapproximately 100,000 men Maxentius Emperor Maxentiusapproximately 75,000-120,000 men Battle Summary In the power struggle that began following the collapse of the Tetrarchy around 309, Constantine consolidated his position in Britain, Gaul, the Germanic provinces, and Spain. Believing himself to be the rightful emperor of the Western Roman Empire, he assembled his army and prepared for an invasion of Italy in 312. To the south, Maxentius, who occupied Rome, sought to advance his own claim to the title. To support his efforts, he was able to draw upon the resources of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and the African provinces. Advancing south, Constantine conquered northern Italy after crushing Maxentian armies at Turin and Verona. Showing compassion to the citizens of the region, they soon began to support his cause and his army swelled to near 100,000 (90,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry). As he neared Rome, it was expected that Maxentius would stay within the city walls and force him to lay siege. This strategy had worked in the past for Maxentius when he faced invasion from the forces of Severus (307) and Galerius (308). In fact, siege preparations had already been made, with large amounts of food already brought into the city. Instead, Maxentius opted to give battle and advanced his army to the Tiber River near the Milvian Bridge outside of Rome. This decision is largely believed to have been based on favorable omens and the fact that the battle would occur on the anniversary of his ascension to the throne. On October 27, the night before the battle, Constantine claimed to have had a vision which instructed him fight under the protection of the Christian God. In this vision a cross appeared in the sky and he heard in Latin, in this sign, you will conquer. The author Lactantius states that following the visions instructions, Constantine ordered his men to paint the Christians symbol (either a Latin cross or the Labarum) upon their shields. Advancing over the Milvian Bridge, Maxentius ordered it destroyed so that it could not be used by the enemy. He then ordered a pontoon bridge constructed for his own armys use. On October 28, Constantines forces arrived on the battlefield. Attacking, his troops slowly pushed back Maxentius men until their backs were at the river. Seeing that the day was lost, Maxentius decided to retreat and renew the battle closer to Rome. As his army withdrew, it clogged the pontoon bridge, its only avenue of retreat, ultimately causing it to collapse. Those trapped on the north bank were either captured or slaughtered by Constantines men. With Maxentius army split and decimated, the battle came to a close. Maxentius body was found in the river, where he had drowned in an attempt to swim across. Aftermath While casualties for the Battle of the Milvian Bridge are not known, it is believed that Maxentius army suffered badly. With his rival dead, Constantine was free to consolidate his hold over the Western Roman Empire. He expanded his reign to include the entire Roman Empire after defeating Licinius during the civil war of 324. Constantines vision prior to the battle is believed to have inspired his ultimate conversion to Christianity. Selected Sources Lactantius Account of the BattleEusebius Life of Constantine

Best Man Wedding Toast Essay - 1064 Words

Best Man Wedding Speech Its turning out to be a day packed full new experiences for me. It’s the first time I’ve had the honour of being a best man, It’s the first time that Brandon has complimented me in over 30 years, and it’s the first time I’ve got a free dinner out of him since that kebab he bought me back in 93. So far things have been going pretty well†¦until now. Start the car Steve. Ladies, Gentlemen, boys, girls Brandon and Lisa, First of all, let me begin on behalf of the bridesmaids, Michelle, Ellie, Hannah and Emily, I would like to thank Brandon for his kind words, and I have to say they look absolutely wonderful and have done an excellent job today. The great thing about being a best man, which incidentally is†¦show more content†¦I don’t remember meeting Brandon for the first time, he just kind of appeared many, many years ago before I was old enough to have a memory. However, that may well be a good thing, because some of those early memories are quiet disturbing. During the mid to late seventies Brandon was quiet convinced that he was 70’s motorcycle pin up Erik Estrada from Chips. (At this point I held up a picture of this guy and compared it with a picture of 7 year old Brandon to emphasise how dissimilar they looked) He also thought that Cola Cubes made him bionic! A tip that you might like to pick up on there Lisa! Its testimony to Lisa Brandons relationship that he’s now over Erik, and Brandons smile has now returned following that fateful afternoon back in 1980 when, out of his mind on a quarter of cola cubes he attempted his first and last ever non-handed bicycle jump. I think I can sum up the moment by combining the words, crown jewels and crossbars. In fact it’s a miracle of medicine that Brandon did not just deliver his speech to you today in the style of Joe Pescuali. As Brandon progressed to becoming a teenager he found that if he took his cola cubes in liquid form and added a decent shot of Vodka, he became even more bionic! Of course some of us know different. Yes we know that it made him talk rubbish like the best of us can, but the funniest thing was that it made him dance like he was actually trying to take his trousers off. AtShow MoreRelatedEssay about Wedding Toast - Best Man1581 Words   |  7 PagesWedding Speech – Best Man Hello my name’s Paul and I’m Martin’s best man, although I’m sure Martin will have a new name for me by the time I’ve finished this. When Martin asked me to be his best man I was initially thrilled at the prospect. Unfortunately it didnt take long for this feeling of well being to dissolve into utter apprehension as I remembered the last time I had to stand up in a room full of people†¦.. I was found guilty and fined $300. I went to a wedding two weeks ago that wasRead More Wedding Toast - Best Man Essay2069 Words   |  9 PagesWedding Speech - Best Man Afternoon everyone, firstly, the city council have asked me to request that, for health and safety reasons, none of you get up on top of the chairs and tables during my standing ovation. Im sure youll all admit this has turned out to be a fabulous wedding celebration, yet every silver- lining does have a cloud, and that is, unfortunately that youve all got to listen to me for a few minutes. Id just like to start by thanking everyone on behalf of the BrideRead MoreEssay Wedding Toasts - Best Man, Brother of the Groom595 Words   |  3 PagesWedding Toasts - Best Man, Brother of the Groom Good Evening! I’m standing up here tonight, pretty boastful I have to admit, of my brother, Bobo, and his bride Twiggy. I have come to sing their praises, and if I happen to embarrass either one of them in the process, I apologize right now! On behalf of our family, we want to welcome each of you to the wedding today. It is a true testament to Bobo and Twiggy that you have taken time from your busy schedule to come and witness their marriageRead More Wedding Toasts – Perhaps Others Have Said it Best Essay789 Words   |  4 PagesWedding Toasts – Perhaps Others Have Said it Best To the Bride From her Groom Never above you. Never below you. Always beside you. To the bride and groom (before the wedding) Heres to the bride that is to be, Heres to the groom shell wed, May all their troubles be light as bubbles Or the feathers that make up their bed! Anonymous To the bride from her groom Drink to me only with thine eyes, And I will pledge with mine; Or leave a kiss within the cup, AndRead More Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Groom Thank you for your kind words, I am very proud to be your son-in-law; I hope I can live up to your expectations. I would sincerely like to thank you for welcoming me into your family, for bringing up such a lovely daughter, and for giving me your blessing to marry her. In addition. due to the number of phone calls between my wife and her mom, the phone company would also like to thank you both. On this date in history in 1889 the Boer War ended, andRead MoreEssay on Sentimental Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride968 Words   |  4 PagesSentimental Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride This speech uses quotes that are skillfully woven into his more personal message, which is a good way of adding humor and providing the speaker with material that is neither offensive or dull. He also includes several jokes that are popular in wedding speeches, but has given his own twist on them to add originality Ladies and gentlemen, may I start my speech by welcoming the guests. Today, we are surrounded by most of the friends andRead MoreFrench Wedding Traditions Dictate That The Bride3581 Words   |  15 PagesIn France, they don’t date but have more of a relationship. There aren’t prearranged dates and aren’t always one-on-one. French wedding traditions dictate that the bride cannot be approached with a proposal of marriage without the consent of her father. The father of the bride permits a man to propose to his daughter after examining his social and economic standing. The consent of the bride is almost never considered. If the bride accepts the proposal, the father negotiates the settlements with theRead More Best Man Wedding Speech Essay519 Words   |  3 PagesBest Man Wedding Speech Good Evening everybody...I hope you are all enjoying everything so far...My name is Frank Levy, and I am Ricks Best Man for the evening. I happened to find out that there was a pool going on as to how long my Best Mans speech was going to be, and I was the only one who bought in at 60 minutes, so you might as well all just relax, sit back and enjoy the ride. When Rick first asked me to be a Best Man, I wasnt really sure what my responsibilities were suppossedRead MoreEssay about Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom571 Words   |  3 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I must admit, I am more nervous about participating in this wedding than I was as the groom (bridegroom) at my own wedding. Maybe its because I have been married thirty years and I know what my son is getting himself in to! Joking aside, Ive had a wonderful marriage and I would like to remind David and Arba that its a serious business, and shouldnt be entered into lightly - although, at his weightRead More Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I am the grooms father, Ken, and I have the great privilege of being best man. I have recently found out there are two reasons why J W asked me to do this job. 1) To make him look younger and slimmer in the photos. 2) Because he didnt want to burden any of his friends with the terrible prospect of having to give this speech. Its the speech that no one wants to do. The best man doesnt really know what

Definition of Courage Free Essays

Courage Patiently awaiting the doctor’s return, Allison aimlessly flips through magazines while pondering what her results will read. She repeatedly tells herself â€Å"This time, I will be free. I will remain strong. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Courage or any similar topic only for you Order Now I won’t give up. † This is her 17th visit to the oncologist in 6 months, and it’s her 17th time sitting in the waiting room to see if her body has finally rid of the cancer once and for all. Over the past 3 years, Allison has never lost hope, she constantly strives for recovery and right now she is ready to face her results that will have an immense effect on her life. Allison is courageous. Courage is defined as the ability to do something that frightens one. One of the main factors in striving towards success is that of courage. The amount of courage you possess will determine how successful you are in the end. Courage is determination. Courage is bravery. Courage is being dauntless. By pursuing something that you are exceedingly fearful of, you demonstrate a vast amount of courage that most will never come to uphold. Courage is standing up and fighting for our country instead of ridiculing the government and saying war is unbeneficial. Courage does not have to be a grand act such as sprinting into a burning building in order to save numerous lives. An eleven year old kid confronting a vicious bully at school also requires a massive amount of bravery which in turn qualifies standing up for oneself an act of courage as well. Courage is shown in any situation where someone is confronting and overcoming anything they are uncomfortable with varying from waiting for life altering results to simply asking a crush out on a date for the first time. Courage is not power. Ruling over someone and making hasty decisions that will affect people other than oneself is not courage, such is confidence in authority. Courage is not fearlessness. Someone who is fearless has no doubts to overcome; therefore there would be no situation where courage could be expressed. Courage is definitely not anger, or rash action. Courage is generally always accompanied by fear, a plummeting gut, and quivering knees. Overall, courage is the seeming weak rising up against a supposed strong. Weather the weak will overpower the strong depends on how much courage the weak is willing to put forth. Weather Allison will recover from her disease depends on how much she is willing to fight against the horrible illness. Courage is an active characteristic that everyone is capable of displaying, but is actually shown by few. How to cite Definition of Courage, Essay examples

Legal Communication Verbal and Nonverbal

Question: Discuss about the Legal Communication for Verbal and Nonverbal. Answer: Introduction: Considering the facts of the given case, Bob Broke entered into a contract with several parties through electronic mails and verbal communication with several parties for considering several deals. Hence, the issues in the present situation involve whether the contract was legally valid from Bobs end. The issue further involves whether the contract incorporated validity of consent in the contract entered between Bob and different parties. In addition, the present case involves an issue to determine Bobs contractual liability for terminating the contract with Mary. As per the legal regulations on contract law, a lawful contract is associated with the rights, duties as well as obligations of parties, which should be distinguished from the regulations of law of torts. As per the Australian Corporations Law, a valid contract must have the elements of agreement, intention to legally bind the parties and consideration. As per the Australian Contract Law, it can be said that there are certain situations where contract remains invalid even though the essential elements are present and agreed between the parties (Cheung, et al., 2014, pp. 147-168). The law states that the contract remains void if it has no legal effect while the contract is voidable if the contract can be annulled by a contracting party. In case of voidable contract, the remedial effect involves returning back the amount or the contracted performance received by the parties. However, the right to obtain the contracted rescission is not available if the same is not exercised in reasonab le time or if the contractual performance changes the original position (Bayern, 2015, p 103). Further, the validity of a contract is established if the parties have certain ability to legally bind the contract whereas if any party lacks the legal ability then the contract would be held voidable. Australian contract Law provides that a contractual party is not entitled to rescind the contract if the action or performance of the party indicates the sustainability of the contract. Considering the case of Immer Pty Ltd v Uniting church in Australia Property Trust (1993) 182 CLR 26, the appellant party that is Immer entered the contract to buy land based on the grant of approval by specific date. The approval was not granted by the contracted date while the agreement was terminated and the respondent in the case contended the presence of affirmation in the contract. Besides, the court held that the affirmation in the contract cannot be obtained if the aggrieved party is not aware of the factual circumstances. However, validity of a contract also depends on the form of agreement or contract by way it has been entered between the parties. The regulations of common law states that the form of a legal contract may be in writing, verbal or any action, which is deemed sufficient to reach the agreement (Andrews Cooper, 2016, p 25). The legislation further states that certain deals or contractual performances are legally valid only if the agreement has been entered as per the specific mode of communication. For instance, the sale of land contract must be in writing and in the form of formal contracts using a contractual deed to give effect as legally binding. Contracts related to insurance or copyrights must be formed in writing using a contractual deed (Olatawura, 2014, pp. 49-75). In the case of Regent v Millett (1976) 133 CLR 679, the issue raised on part performance by constituting the possession, repairs and renovations and contractual party Regents denied to transfer the property. The cour t held that the possession of property with the expending money would be constituted as part performance hence the form of contract would be considered as valid as the possession entry held sufficient for part performance. Validity of a contract must contain the genuine consent of the parties hence, if the formation of contract established due to the contracting partys mistake, then the right to rescind the contract is available to the innocent party. In case of Taylor v Johnson (1983) 151 CLR 422, court held that the contract was formed which contained the factor of unilateral mistake of the party hence, the contract was held invalid and the appeal was dismissed. Apparently, a contract formed by mistake of the party and does not have genuine consent, the contract cannot be considered as a valid contract. Applying the test of essential elements of a legal contract in the given situation, contract entered between Bob and Mike on 1 January for sale of laptops is considered as a legal contract since it involves offer, acceptance and consideration. However, the element of intention of binding a contract might not present from the end of Mike and he refused to pay the consideration during the time of contract performance. In case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893), the court held that Carlill was eligible to the contractual reward as the contract contained valid offer and there was no notification provided by the party to dispense the contract. Accordingly, in case of contract between Bob and Mike, Mike did not provide any notification to cancel the contract until the date of delivery of products. As per the contract law legislation, a party loses to rescind the contract if the rescission is not exercised in a reasonable time. Hence, in case of contract between Bob and Tom that was entered on 10 January and accepted on 12 January, Bob rescinded the contract on 14 January while the products were already dispatched. Hence, the Bob held liable for not rescinding the contract within reasonable time. Besides, contract between Steve and Bob entered in verbal form which was rescinded by Bob due to financial issues. Applying the test of affirmation, Bob is entitled to contractual liability and obligated to compensate Steve for breach of contract as the contract was valid and Bob did not perform rescission within reasonable time. Further, contract for delivery van entered with Mary can be considered as consent given under common mistake hence the contract remains void as per the Australian contract law. It has been observed that Bob signed the contract considering it to be another cont ract which he was willing to accept, therefore, acceptance of Marys contract held as consent given by mistake accordingly, the contract was not a legally valid contract. Conclusion In the present circumstances, Bob has the contractual liability against Tom and Steve since, the contract between the parties was valid and rescission was not performed by Bob within reasonable time. In case of contract with Bob on 1 January, Bob is entitled to receive compensation while the contract with Mary held as invalid due to consent under common mistake. Reference List and Bibliography Andrews, M., Cooper, A. (2016). Property: The land sales act: Beware of instalment contracts.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (25), 86. Bagchi, A. (2016). Financial Crisis and the Remedy of Rescission in the United States. InThe Effects of Financial Crises on the Binding Force of Contracts-Renegotiation, Rescission or Revision(pp. 307-312). Springer International Publishing. Bayern, S. (2015). Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, 67. Cheung, S. O., Wong, W. K., Yiu, T. W., Pang, H. Y. (2014). Developing a trust inventory for construction contracting. InConstruction Dispute Research(pp. 147-168). Springer International Publishing. Connolly, N. (2014). A Common Law Perspective on the Concurrence of Claims in Contract and Unjust Enrichment.European Review of Private Law,22(6), 1005-1028. Kosonogova, O. (2016). Legal Communication: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in the Practice of Law.US-China L. Rev.,13, 705. Mohamed, S., Akram, M., Mohamed, A., Ali, A. (2014). A critical appraisal of the parol evidence rule in contract law. InProceedings of SOCIOINT14: International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities(pp. 865-872). International Organisation Centre of Academic Research. Olatawura, O. O. (2014). Appreciating and reforming the remedy of equitable rescission for genuine mistake in contract law.Commonwealth Law Bulletin,40(1), 49-75.

Canadian health policy Essays

Canadian health policy Essays Canadian health policy Paper Canadian health policy Paper Canada’s   public founded health care system is dynamic, reforms are been made over four decades and will continue in responds to changes within medicine and throughout the society .The basics is the universal coverage for medically necessary health care service provided on the   basis of need rather than the ability to pay. Canadian health policy is regarded as one of the best health services in the world. The demand for these health services are however growing at the same time as economic resources are diminishing. Health policy initiatives have achieved the 1964 royal commission on health services goal of access of medical care for all Canadian. The current challenge is to enable all Canadian to achieve the best possible state of health and to do this within the limitation of changing social, economic and political climate. Canada’s   publicly funded health care services is best described as an interlocking   set of ten provincial and three territorial health insurance plan known as Medicare.   It provides access to universal, comprehensive coverage for medically necessary facilities. The Canadian health care system have started since 1867constitutin which contains few specifics about health, and till date many issues have been discussed on health related matters and have been very beneficial to the formation of Canadian health care policy. CANADAS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AT A GLANCE Health policy is intended to be a vehicles for the exploration and discussion of health policy issues and aimed at enhancing good and quality health status among the people in Canada. Canada’s health care system is a group of socialized health insurance plans that provides coverage to all Canadian citizens. It is publicly founded and administered on provincial or territorial basis, within guidelines set by the federal government. Under the health care system, individual citizens are provided preventive care and medical treatment from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals, dental surgery, and additional medical care. Canada’s health care system is subject of much political controversy and debate in the country. Some people question the efficiency of the current system to deliver treatment in a timely fashion and advocate adopting a private system similar to the United States. Conversely, there are worries that privatization would result to inequality in the health system with only wealthy being able to afford certain treatment. Canada does boast of one of the highest expectancies and lower infant mortality rates of the industrialized countries, which many attributed this to Canada’s health care system.

Abstract and Concrete Nouns Explained

Abstract and Concrete Nouns Explained Abstract and Concrete Nouns Explained Nouns are naming words and an essential part of the English language. They fall into two main categories: concrete and abstract. It is vital to learn how to use both types in your written work, particularly abstract nouns, which can be tricky. This blog post will take a quick and simple look at the basic definitions of these nouns and offer examples to clarify how they should be used. Concrete Nouns Concrete nouns are fairly simple to understand, as they basically refer to things that are solid, like concrete, and that physically exist around us. This means that we can experience concrete nouns through our five senses, in that we can touch, see, smell, taste, and/or hear them. Examples of concrete nouns include: People (man, woman, dentist, proofreader) Animals (dog, cat, bird, bee) Objects (clock, book, computer, pizza) Places and geographical features (mountain, valley, Norwich, France) Abstract Nouns In contrast to concrete nouns, abstract nouns name things that do not exist physically, such as thoughts, ideas or concepts. They are therefore used to denote things that we cant see, smell, taste, and/or hear. Examples of abstract nouns include: Qualities and characteristics (beauty, kindness, wit) Emotions and states of mind (love, happiness, anger) Concepts and ideas (justice, freedom, truth) Events and processes (progress, Thursday, Christmas) If youre still unsure about the difference between concrete and abstract nouns, let the experts at Proofed help you with your noun usage today!

Federal Financial Assistance and Wage Control Essay

Federal Financial Assistance and Wage Control - Essay Example Public outrage at the bailouts and the government's haste in pushing through the economic package was huge and unprecedented, with other entities and industries also clamoring to be bailed out in a similar manner. This objective of this essay is to discuss the morality of using tax funds to bail out ailing corporate entities to avoid them becoming insolvent and whether the government should initiate wage controls and strict accountability policies when providing such funds. With respect to wage controls, the questions to be answered are why and how much, rather to what degree government must step in to control and prevent the misuse and abuse of bailout funds. Each of these questions is addressed in the different sections which follow. By its very definition, a capitalist or free market economy is built on competition and "survival of the fittest", with little or no government intervention. The success or failure of a business is determined by the way business is conducted and how such businesses deal with fluctuating market forces. In the current economic meltdown, it is quite obvious that many business entities played "fast and loose" with sound economic principles in order to maximize profits by following unsound credit practices and with inadequate risk management or controls in place. By doing so, they've traded long-term growth and profitability for short-term gains in the years preceding the sub-prime mortgage crisis. The latter acted as the trigger which brought down the American economy to its knees and led to the collapse of numerous financial institutions. This has forced the government to step in to bail-out distressed companies at the cost of its citizen taxpayers. Is such an intervention justified Th e answer is clearly a 'no', given the unique nature of a capitalist economy. Businesses are required to compete with each other in the marketplace, having a free hand in the usage of capital, labor and other resources, because the end goal is profitability. A company or business entity which does not adhere to the principles of a free market economy, or tries to derive unfair advantages by misusing its powers, is doomed to fail in the long run. This is the natural consequence of unfair competition and the corporation must face the same in the natural order of the market. However, such large-scale failures of several companies at the same time can have a disastrous effect on the economy and society as a whole, hence it raises the question of government interference to avoid a catastrophe, a rationale advocated by the Bush administration and Congress in providing the $700 billion bailout in 2008. According to Ingham (2008), in a capitalist economy, the market is a self-regulating entity and the state (or government) role should be limited to providing infrastructure and resources which help in sustaining a free market economy and intervening under only exceptional circumstances where the market fails to correct itself. Is the current economic crisis such a circumstance Common sense would indicate this to be so, but the next concern would be to what extent should the state intervene to resolve this issue The answer to this concern can be summarized as

Contact zone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contact zone - Essay Example It happened that I befriended a tour guide who promised to take me deep into the communal areas to meet people and learn their culture someday before returning home. The problem was that on arriving in the rural area, I was embarrassed by having many people from the community following us and making some funny jokes about my dressing that was very different from theirs. In summers, am used to wearing light clothing that expose most of the body to enjoy the sun bath and the freshness of the weather in my destinations. However, the community I visited was a conservative one that adorned in clothes that covered almost the entire body. I could clearly tell they were making fun of my clothing. When having lunch, as I liked having new delicacies from native communities, the type of food that was served was very different to what I was used to. From that time, I could read some negative reactions from the people I had visited and even the person I head befriended was involved in some jokes that made fun of me. Considering am not used to working in the garden, I made an ugly scene trying to learn farming using animals to plough. The reaction in the entire contact with the community was that I was a fool who did not know the best things to eat and one that could not work. From the interpretations that I got, I learned that the locals were remarking that people of my type were a lazy lot who could not do any physical activity or wear decent clothing to cover the body. From the experience, a contact zone is influenced by the extent of adherence to beliefs and values in a community and the degree to which such a community recognizes and embraces defying cultures. The community in question was a conservative one that followed strict codes of behaviour and values. Anyone who failed to abide by these values was a laughing stock and an outcast not welcome in the community. Pratt (37) suggested that a person surrounded and living in a particular culture will develop a strong be lief that their culture is much better than other cultures out there, and will look down upon anyone practicing a different culture. This influence was manifested in the community above. Most of the indigenous people do not travel but live in strong communal ties separated into several clans, with each clan having a strict code of values and behaviours to follow. As a result, anyone with different behaviours or values was an intruder whose behaviour had to be ignored with a â€Å"disgusting† attitude. Concerning the dressing code, the community had a strong belief that wearing exposing clothing was a taboo that an adult was not supposed to be indulged in. A pair of summer shorts and a small vest was not considered decent clothing, and from the observation, there was a sense of disgust especially from the elders. Communities are differentiated not by their genuineness, nevertheless by the stylishness in which such communities are imagined (Pratt 37). Judging from the entire re ception and treatment while in the community, it was evident that the community had a perception and belief that I lacked values and discipline. The fact that I could not participate in farm activities effectively or other strenuous physical activities such as using animals in the farm suggested I was lazy compared to their fellow communal members. The main problem was that the community lacked any insight regarding western communities or life and cultures in the western world,

The Importance Of Water In Islam Theology Religion Essay

The Importance Of Water In Islam Theology Religion Essay In Malaysia, after Pakatan Rakyat party successfully conquering Selangor state from Barisan Nasional party since 2008, they have launched a lot of initiative welfares for Selangor residents. On 13 March 2008, Selangor State Government has announced the implementation of Merakyatkan Ekonomi Selangor (MES) agenda to improve living standard of Selangor residents. There are 14 agendas included in MES and one of them is free water provision for the first 20 cubic meters water domestic consumers who using individual meters in Selangor starting from June 2008. Selangor State Government offers first 20 cubic meters water which equivalent to 20,000 liters or 5.680 gallons per month for free. This benefit is for all Selangor people regardless of their economy status, race or political affiliation. Other than that, the main objective of this welfare is to reduce the burden life especially for low-income groups as a result cost of living and the inflation rates are continue to increase. At the same time, it is of the holistic and integrated components to restructuring water management in order to provide more efficient and effective service. Through this program, Selangor State Government bear the average cost of rebate RM 11.00 per month for each user. Then, the record payment by the Selangor State Government is stated in bill received by each user from SYABAS (Selangor Water Supply Company). Besides that, 20 cubic meters of free water supply is only eligible for domestic consumers who use individual meters. For domestic users who use bulk meters in condominiums and apartments, they need to change to individual meters to enjoy this free water. Change of bulk meters to individual meters is subject to the conditions set by SYABAS. As the result, currently more than one million people who use individual meters enjoy it especially low cost apartment dwellers. Until July 2012, over RM 6 million was spent on free water to residents of low-cost apartments through Safwa Scheme (Free Water Rebate Scheme). According to Housing and Property Selangor Board (LPHS) report, 92% or 58, 049 units already received. While the remaining 8% or 6, 666 units failed to implement the rebate claim due to labor shortages in Joint Management Body (JMB). This positive action shows the governments responsibility toward public welfare. In Islam, this is a good example because the leader should take care of their people. However, some consider this program involves high costs and will affect the allocation of funds provided by the Government of Malaysia to Selangor state. In Islam, the leader should manage the public properties to avoid waste for not so important activities. Therefore, a comprehensive study and analysis are needed to ensure that the program is consistent with Islamic law. 2. WATER ACCESIBILITY ANALYSIS 2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN ISLAM Historically, all ancient civilizations in the world began in area that has water resources such as river or seashore. For instance, Mesopotamia civilization began at Euphrates and Tigris River, China civilization began at Huang He River and India civilization began at Indus River. This fact shows that they are really rely on water in their daily life. Water from the river is used to irrigate agricultural areas, cooking, bathing and others. Based on Al-Mujam Al-Mufahras book, water or al-ma in Arabic was mentioned 63 times in the Al-Quran. According to Naser I. Faruqui, water is very importance in Islam. It is a blessing from Allah that gives and sustains life, and purifies humankind and the earth. It is based on Allah words in verse 65 of Surah Al-Nahl: And Allah sends down water from above, and therewith gives life to the earth after its death. Surely there is a sign in this for a people who listen. Besides that, Allah said all beings is made from water. According to the research, the earth is covered with 3/4 water and the human body contained of 3/4 water. In verse 30 of Surah Al-Anbiya: Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, so We rent them. And We made from water everything living. Will they not then believe?. Due to water is very important resource for every people regardless rich or poor, Islam declared that everyone has the right to a fair share of water consumption. This claim is emphasized by the hadith reported by Abu Dawud that Rasulullah said Muslims have common share in three things: grass (pasture), water and fire (fuel). In addition, the Prophet forbids Muslims hoarding the excess water and he is obliged to allow others to use it. The Prophet stated: Among the three people Allah will ignore on the Day of Resurrection are a man who possessed superfluous water on a way and he withheld it from the travellers. This hadith was narrated by Al-Bukhari. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR8g4Uk3P9ItU0f-ejiXhXQbYkshXwyH6OQ1Ic463fu1Fuk030Chttps://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsOS628HbJuBc5CBTS7_dg-mbQo9POI1BgyGI90Ns8hB9hHBFF Tigris-Euphrates River in Egypt and Huang He River in China use for irrigation 2.2 TYPES OF WATER IN ISLAM In Islam, water is essential for the Muslims to purify themselves such as perform ablution (wudhu) before the prayer and perform obligatory bath (ghusl) after having sexual intercourse. One of the conditions, these actions is necessary to use pure water to make it valid. Thus, the absence of clean water will make it difficult for Muslims to manage their daily life and to worship to Allah SWT. In reality, there are different types of water in this world and not all water is suitable for human. Basically, the water covers around 70% of the earth and it is very exposed to other elements that can change its original condition. Thus, this requires human wisdom to determine whether the water can be used or not. In Fiqh Taharah or Islamic Hygienically Jurisprudence, Islam has divided water into three main parts which pure water and can purify other things (tahur), pure water but cant purify other things (tahir), and water containing dirt which not pure and cant purify other things (mutanajj is). First major category is pure water and can purify other things (tahur). This water can be divided deeper into mutlaq water and musyammas water. For mutlaq water, it remains with the original nature of its occurrence have been made by Allah. It is water that has not been mixed with dirt, water reservoir that is more than two tanks no longer used and not mixed with other substances. In addition, the water is still mutlaq water even thought it has changed due to abandoned for long period in soil, moss and stagnant areas. In addition, if the water continuously flowing but contain sulfur it still categorized as mutlaq water. This is due to water is in liquid condition and difficult to differentiate it. For two tanks measurement, the length and the width is 60 centimeter or 22.5 inches respectively with depth 62.5centimeter or 25 inches. If the two tanks measurement is converted into the weight measurement, it equals to 174 liters or 190 kilogram or 11 kerosene cans. Besides that, there are eight types of water including in the mutlaq water which are river water, well water, rain water, dew water, sea water, snow water, spring water and tap water. The Prophet Muhammad also ordered to use mutlaq water to clean the dirt. This evidence is based on Abu Hurairah narration: a Bedouin stood up and peed in the mosque, so his friends prevent it. Upon this Rasulullah said, leave him and pour a container of water over the urine. Indeed, you are asked to facilitate not troublesome. Then, according to Sheikh Abu Abdullah Husayn Nasir bin Muhammad Taib in his As-Subyan Hidayatul book :Not valid the purification unless water come from common qaid such as sugar cane, sugar, soap and such, and water from the sky such as rain and dew or water coming out of the earth such as sea water, river water and well water. On the other hand, musyammas water is quite different compare to mutlaq water. In Al-Badrain Matla book written by Sheikh Abdul Al-Fatani Faqir Muhammad Bin Ismail Daud Al-Fatani stated: Musyammas water is also pure water and can purify other things but abominable (makruh) to use it on the body. It afraid contributes to hairpiece disease when people used it. The position is permanent in a container and heated by sunlight in hot climate states. This matter very seriously considered by Rasulullah as in a story narrated by Baihaqi: From Saiditina Aishah indeed she is heating the water under sunlight, and Rasuluhlah SAW had said to her: do not do that O Aishah because the water can cause hairpiece disease. Literally, makruh means dislike, blamed and displeasing. It refers to leave anything not demanded by Allah but not prohibited to do it. Acts which are makruh are definitely discouraged but the evidence to prove they are forbidden is less strong. Thus, the commission of makruh acts is n ot blamed but its omission is preferable. Second major category is pure water but cant purify other things (tahir). This water can be divided more into mustamal water and muqayyad water. For mustamal water, the water is able to drink but not applicable for cleansing. According to Ibn Akhil in his book entitled Al-Mutaalim Zadul: Mustamal water is less than two tank that has been used for impurities such as has been used in ablution and bath or water that has been used in remove the dirt. After that, it is not valid to purify other things. Besides that, water from trees, fruits and roots also considered as mustamal water. Then, all water can change by two ways which are changing by taqdiri and changing by hissi. Changing by taqdiri means the water only change on taqdir (stipulation) and the changes cant be seen. So, mustamal water is under changing by taqdiri However, changing by hissi means the changes that can be seen. Mutlaq water is under changing by hissi. In addition, Syeikh Faqih Dr. Wahbah Al-Zuhaili argued that the a mount of water also affect water quality. For example is mustamal water become mutlaq water if the quantity more than 2 tank or 270 liter. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xVECM2QBNaY/TRHR6LG5l4I/AAAAAAAAABY/qs9yT0o6mmQ/s1600/embun.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nnUqsIEWWw4/UEkvF_5_9PI/AAAAAAAABkU/_9k9GRFtIFw/s1600/Sungai+Kehidupan.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_zB1vw0WozNs/TGzf0jbEvxI/AAAAAAAABNc/eZin7QEyvHw/s1600/Salji+memutih.jpg Dew water, river water and snow water are some sources that can be used for mutlaq water Next, water is mixed by two ways. First way is through mujawir. This means the water changes because there is something that can be separated from the water. For example, a person put a stick in a pail to stir the water in the pail. Then, the stick can be pulled out from the pail. Then the water is still regarded as pure water. Second way is through mukhalit. This means the water changes because there is something that unable separated from the water. For instance, a person put the fruit flavor in a pail of water. It is impossible to separate fruit flavor and water to their original condition. Then the water no longer exists as pure water as has changes to mustamal water. In contrast, muqayyad water is water that is mixed with something pure that changing one of the characteristics. For instance are coffee water, sugarcane juice and soap. In Islamic view, parameters for water quality are based on the chemical and physical characteristics of smell, taste, color and temperature. Then, qayyad on water is divided into qayyad lazim and qayyad musfaq. For qayyad lazim, it means substances attached together until it absolutely different from pure water such as coffee and honey. Although pure, it still cant be used for purification because already mixed with variations of water. However, for qayyad musfaq, it means substances detached among each other and not affect pure water such as rain water and well water. Thus, the water is still cited as pure water. Third major category is water containing dirt which not pure and cant purify other things (mutanajjis). There are three main conditions regarding to mutanajjis water which unable for purification. First condition is water containing less than two tanks even though the water does not change color, smell and taste. Second condition is water containing more than two tanks but has changes color, odor and taste due to the dirt. Third condition is water is mixing with clean substances but has the color, smell and taste. In terms of language, dirt is defined as dirty things such as blood, urine and feces. In terms of syara, dirt is defined as all the impurities that prevent validity for pray. There are three types of dirt according to their hierarchy and all the dirt must be purified using mutlaq or pure water. The lightest dirt is mukhaffafah. It is the urine of baby boy who only eat breast milk and less than two years old. The cleansing methods are by wash and wipe the urine before sprinkle the pure water on the place. The moderate dirt is mutawasittah. It is including blood, pus, vomit, saliva, alcohol and others. The cleansing methods are washing until lost any nature color, smell and taste before cleanse by pure water. The heaviest dirt is mughallazah. It is the dirt relate to dog and pig. The cleansing methods are by wash once by soil water. Then, continue washing by using pure water for six times until loss any nature color, smell and taste. If still not gone, repeat the washing method. 2.3 THE WATER MANAGEMENT IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES In December 1998, the Workshop on Water Resources Management in the Islamic World was held in Amman, Jordan. One of the discussions is implementation approaches for water demand management (WDM) within the context of Islam. The approaches are water conservation and wastewater reuse. In water conservation approach, they argued supply of water is fixed. Thus, water management is needed to ensure the amount water supply is enough with the amount of water used. This opinion can be approved in verse 18 of Surah Al-Mukminun: And We send down water from the sky according to certain measure, and We cause it to soak in the soil; and We certainly are able to drain it off (with ease). Human can use water in moderate way and not consume beyond the limit. If extravagant exist, Allah has right to take back His blessings. The Prophet also taught human to consume efficiently. According to Al-Bukhari: The Prophet Mohammad used to perform ablution with one mudd of water [equal to 2/3 litres] and used to take a bath with one sa up to five mudds [equal to 2-3 1/2 litres]. Currently, this water conservation approach shows positive impact when the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a health education program through mosques. The program included training imams on proper health practices, water conservation, water saving, proper sanitation and hygiene in the prevention of diseases. In addition, the imams then gave sermons about water conservation during the congregational Friday prayer. For wastewater reuse approach, they argued water should not be wasted. Thus, water should be used for beneficial purposes and use it in effective and efficient way. In verse 31 of Surah Al-Araf: O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters. From this verse, Allah hate people who are wasteful in eat and drink. Normally, individual drinking water every day in their life because thirsty. However, if some people deliberately waste the water, others people might not able to drink sufficient of water. Reusing wastewater is an essential component of a demand management strategy because it conserves freshwater for the highest-value uses. In 1978, the Council of Leading Islamic Scholars (CLIS) in Saudi Arabia concluded in a special fatwa in 1978 that treated wastewater can be used even for ablution and drinking as soon as absence of health risk. This fatwa was concluded based on detailed study by scientists and engineers toward waste water condition and its short-term and long-term effects toward human health. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSoqOSAOx-jkOGFXzuoHnGRRLp9YxRrEyJ9h43NZnWLDLZpKPlMBAhttps://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSzWez8vfEZ2s1lOiiy2JAJYwffJC_oiFVrqNqQe0W-P0qUZfRJw Saudi Arabia Wastewater Treatment Plant at Riyadh and Al Hail Both water conservation approach and wastewater reuse approach was introduced before are classified as non-economic approach. However, in a book entitled Water Management in Islam, one economic approach which called family planning was added. Basically, family planning not directly reducing the average water consumption. However, it helps for further reductions in overall availability of water per capita. By family planning, the government can predict future reduction of water consumption as size of members per family smaller. When future result is known, it facilitates the government to provide systematic long-term planning in order to overcome future problems. However, the problem is family planning or contraception is new in Islam. During Prophet Muhammad era, most Muslims have big family members because it didnt have birth control regulations. Therefore, based on this situation, a few Islamic scholars believe that birth control is not allowable in Islam. Still, some others scholar said it is no strong evidence in Islam to support a ban on family planning. Moreover, they contend although the religion encourages having children, it is not obligatory. Finally, the contemporary jurists agreed that family planning is allowable in Islam with a few conditions must be followed. First, it is only permissible for married couple man and woman. Second, it should have the mutual consent of the couple and thirdly, the chosen method must truly controllable. As conclusion, three approaches stated before will provide some alternatives for Islamic countries to choose the possible method for their water management. The holistic assessment should be implemented according to advantages and disadvantages of each approach. For water conservation, the advantage it is not very large cost but the disadvantage may no full commitment from society. For wastewater reuse, the advantage it is able for countries which doesnt have abundant water sources but the disadvantage it covers very high cost for building plants and continuous treatment process. For family planning, the advantage it is the government able to predict future water usage but the disadvantage it will reduces number of Muslims population in that country. 3.WATER RIGHTS http://mes.selangor.gov.my/modules/content/content.php?page=air-percuma-setiap-bulan http://airkumalaysia.blogspot.com/2011/06/cara-menjimatkan-air.html http://web.idrc.ca/openebooks/924-0/#page_xx http://www.meed.com/sectors/economy/government/saudi-arabia-presses-ahead-with-a-wastewater-revolution/3007439.article http://istajib.blogspot.com/2011/04/air-dan-islam-sorotan-ringkas.html http://www.ustaznoramin.com/2011/03/pembahagian-air-dalam-islam.html http://www.ustaznoramin.com/2011/03/pembahagian-najis-dalam-islam.html http://www.al-azim.com/masjid/infoislam/ibadat/air.htm

Oilwell Cable Company, Inc.

1. If Norm chooses to go ahead with the microprocessor conversion on the machinery without passing it by the team he runs the risk of having a conflict with the production team. In the past a similar situation had caused significant trouble and Norm did not want to rock the boat for the sake of it. The company structure is such that each team decides on matters pertaining to their area and Norm’s decision to implement the change would definitely cause a stir. The implementation of the microprocessor would cut production time by 1 percent and reduce scrap from the current rate of 1 percent down to one-half percent (Meredith, 227) .The other advantage of implementing the change without the consent of the production team would be that it would get done at a faster pace. The current management structure was such that it took a lot of time and energy on the employees’ part to come to a decision (Meredith, pg 229). 2. If Norm decides to consult the team prior to implementing the change the number one issue will be the time it takes for them to come to a decision. The team is known for taking a really long time to reach any decision (Meredith, pg 229). This decision process uses a lot of the employees’ time and energy which could be utilized in a much better way.The biggest advantage of including the production team in the decision making process for the implementation of the microprocessor would be that Norm would get their buy in. This would be key for the success of the idea. The team dynamics are such that once the team agrees to a change or idea, the implementation is quick (Meredith, pg 229). 3. The approval and implementation of the microprocessor by the production team represents a functional form of project organization. 4. Given the size of the company and the work they did along with the functionalized project organization it does not make sense to have a PMO.Since most of their work is based around the production of cables I see no poi nt in having a PMO. A major contribution of PMOs is to establish project administration procedures for selecting, initializing and planning, budgeting and scheduling projects as well as serve as a repository for reports on the performance of the planning, budgeting, scheduling, and resource allocation processes (Meredith & Mantel, pg 193). The structure of the organization does not require a PMO since decisions are made at the team level and not from a management level hence a PMO is not required. Func†¦

The History of Safety Essay Topics Refuted

The History of Safety Essay Topics Refuted One of the greatest approaches to determine how to create critical thinking is to maintain an open mind. The very first thing that you should do in the practice of figuring out how to compose a book critique is to look at the type of book that you're working on. The simplest approach to set the kind of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. There's no ideal solution on how best to compose an effective essay. The Debate Over Safety Essay Topics What the majority of individuals find difficult in writing essays become easy for you as you are aware about what to write about. Even when you're not likely to compose a paper about it, you may as well pick a topic from the list of persuasive essay topics above that for sure will be great for you. The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion o f the essay and that would be much difficult I know. There are a number of good topics for illustration essays to pick from. Interview essays are written dependent on an interview, performed by the author. In the event the interview went well, it is going to be simple to compose an interview essay. If you wish to succeed, the very first thing you are to do is to select the appropriate topic for your essay. In reality, you will can create an excellent essay if you decide on its topic correctly. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. If you're stuck on how best to compose an example essay, you can stick to a few easy measures to dig yourself out of the rut and compose an example essay that you're able to be pleased with. When everyone is completed, review and talk about the tips. As you finalize your topic choice, remember to settle on a process you've completed many occasions and you can explain to another person. There are scores and scores of various channels on the internet that dwell upon particular topics which may be joined to the creation of your essay. The very first thing anyone who loves writing does is to select a handy topic he or she's convenient with. So you don't actually wish to locate a topic! The topic is a guide on what things to write, and it can be completed in lots of ways. Your topic goes quite a ways to save lives. List three to five topics that you're interested in or would love to write about. Safety Essay Topics Features Don't be afraid to get some additional aid to produce your paper stick out! Now comes the procedure for planning the content, which can be carried out by writing down a quick outline of the human body section. The structure may also differ, but this is a distinct question to discuss. When you haven't already mastered the process, it is going to be tough to learn and compose all at one time. A Secret Weapon for Safety Essay Topics As a writer who's interested in an essay about child safety, there's a lot to chat about. You might discover that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. Some sample topics are given below. Taking into account that lots of p ersuasive essays concern controversial topics, before writing, you can want to sit down and think of what your opinion on the topic actually is. Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. Bear in mind your essay isn't a research paper, and therefore do not cover the top with documentation. Example essays concentrate on one key idea that you prove with different specific, convincing examples. Illustration essays are written in order to spell out study subjects and supply interesting and picturesque descriptions. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Safety Essay Topics Because a superb quality can only be reached with good physical and mental wellbeing and social well-being. Safety communication, thus, is an essential component that helps us keep aware and to avoid environment too. In health security topics, it is extremely simple to produce strong but nice child safety argumentative essay. Workplace safety is an idea, which ought to not be dismissed lightly and followed correctly. New Step by Step Roadmap for Safety Essay Topics Some individuals claim that the purpose of politics ought to be the pursuit of an i deal. They believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. It is possible to pick distinctive topics of your choice that's targeted towards academic institutions and child safety at precisely the same moment. Some men and women think that universities should require every student to have a selection of courses away from the student's field of study.

Nature, Function and Classification of Law - 2917 Words

TOPIC ONE NATURE, FUNCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF LAW Objectives of the course:†¢ Enable the students to think in a more abstract or general fashion than is generally achieved in the study of specific areas of law and demonstrate the same in answering questions. †¢ Enable the student to develop the willingness to question and think independently and to find out more in the study of law. †¢ Discuss critically the definition of law †¢ Explain the various scholars position on their attempt to define the meaning of law †¢ Distinguish law from morality; justice †¢ Explain the various classification of laws †¢ Discuss the functions of law in society Nature of law Meanings given to the word law The word law has various meaning which are used by different†¦show more content†¦His views were popularized by his student John Austin †¢ Hans Kelsen propounded the notion of a grundnorm (or a presupposed ultimate and basic legal norm). The grundnorm i s a hypothetical norm on which all subsequent levels of a legal system such as constitutional law and other laws are based. †¢ H. L. A. Hart who argued that law is a system of rules. These rules, are divided into primary rules (rules of conduct (substantive law)) and secondary rules (rules addressed to officials to administer primary rules). Secondary rules are divided into rules of adjudication (to resolve legal disputes (procedural law)), rules of change (allowing laws to be varied) and the rule of recognition (allowing laws to be identified as valid). †¢ Joseph Raz argues that law is authority, identifiable purely through social sources, without reference to moral reasoning. Marxist Theory Marxist theories of political economy, expounded upon the notions of Karl Marx (1818-83) and Friedrich Engels (1820-95), consider law an instrument of class oppression that benefits the ruling class through oppression of the proletariat. 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